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The HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system is the primary focus when evaluating ventilation in residential buildings. Proper ventilation is crucial for maintaining indoor air quality, managing humidity levels, and ensuring a comfortable living environment. The HVAC system is specifically designed to control air movement, temperature, and moisture, making it integral to the overall function of ventilation within a home.

During an inspection, attention is given to various components of the HVAC system, including air ducts, exhaust fans, and filters. Inspectors assess whether these components are functioning effectively to allow fresh air to circulate while removing stale or moist air. Insufficient ventilation can lead to problems such as mold growth, allergies, and diminished energy efficiency, hence the importance of evaluating this system comprehensively.

While other systems like electrical, plumbing, and roofing are critical to the overall safety and functionality of a house, they are not directly involved in the process of ensuring proper ventilation for indoor air quality. Therefore, the focus on the HVAC system is a vital part of residential building inspections related to ventilation efficacy.